![]() Significant deviations from these will result in heat index values which do not accurately reflect the perceived temperature. Like the wind chill index, the heat index contains assumptions about the human body mass and height, clothing, amount of physical activity, individual heat tolerance, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation exposure, and the wind speed. The heat index was developed in 1979 by Robert G. Besides the heat index, other measures of apparent temperature include the Canadian humidex, the wet-bulb globe temperature, "relative outdoor temperature", and the proprietary " RealFeel". Measurement of perceived temperature has been based on reports of how hot subjects feel under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Different individuals perceive heat differently due to body shape, metabolism, level of hydration, pregnancy, or other physical conditions. High relative humidity reduces evaporation and cooling, increasing discomfort and potential heat stress. The human body normally cools itself by evaporation of sweat. The heat index is meant to describe experienced temperatures in the shade, but it does not take into account heating from direct sunlight, physical activity or cooling from wind. For example, when the temperature is 32 ☌ (90 ☏) with 70% relative humidity, the heat index is 41 ☌ (106 ☏) (see table below). Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.The heat index ( HI) is an index that combines air temperature and relative humidity, in shaded areas, to posit a human-perceived equivalent temperature, as how hot it would feel if the humidity were some other value in the shade. Permission is not required) please go to the Copyright If you want to reproduce the wholeĪrticle in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figuresĪnd diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. ![]() Provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission Please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, Provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes. This article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, Liu,Ĭreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. This work provides new understanding about the electrode's interfacial chemistry in different concentrated CH 3COONH 4 electrolytes, establishes a correlation between the electrolyte concentration and the electrode's performances, and demonstrates the superiority of the hybrid ammonium-ion battery design.Ī salt-concentrated electrolyte for aqueous ammonium-ion hybrid batteries Finally, an ammonium-ion hybrid battery is designed, which provides a high average discharge voltage of 1.7 V and good energy density of 368 W h kg (cathode) −1, outperforming most of the state-of-the-art aqueous batteries. Besides, a new partial de-solvation model is also proposed, demonstrating an energy favorable de-solvation process. Experimental and theoretical simulation results indicate that the acetate anion will participate in the construction of the solvated NH 4 + in a highly concentrated electrolyte, facilitating the adsorption of the solvated NH 4 + cluster on the electrode surface. Herein, we aim to understand the impact of CH 3COONH 4 electrolyte concentration on the NH 4 + storage performance of a bimetallic hydroxide material. Yet, few studies focus on the complex electrode–electrolyte interface behaviors in highly concentrated electrolytes, which affect the electrochemical performance of AAIBs significantly. One possible way to improve the performance of AAIBs is increasing the salt concentration in the electrolyte. The development of aqueous ammonium-ion batteries (AAIBs) is currently attracting great attention because of the interesting electrochemical features induced by the charge carrier NH 4 +.
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